The present work tries to obtain a simple means of simultaneous measurement of steady shear viscosity and normal stress difference in polymer melts and high concentrated solutions. The task is performed by using a rotating rod viscometer. In the experiments the steady shear viscosity is obtained by the measurement of the torque and the normal stress difference obtained by measuring the free surface height developed due to the rod climbing (Weissenberg Effect).A one dimensional unsteady modeling of the nonlinear viscoelastic flow using Leonov model will enable us to obtain the time dependent torque and the free surface height at various shear rates for a given fluid. Hence, the device is calibrated for a known fluid, and by using the calibration curves and reading the torque and free surface height, the steady shear viscosity and the normal stress di1terence could be obtained for any fluid by using the obtained numerical simulation data.

The free vibrations of a rod are governed by a differential equation of the form $(a(x)y^\prime)^\prime+\lambda a(x)y(x)=0$, where $a(x)$ is the cross sectional area and $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue parameter. Using the finite element method (FEM) we transform this equation to a generalized matrix eigenvalue problem of the form $(K-\Lambda M)u=0$ and, for given $a(x)$, we correct the eigenvalues $\Lambda$ of the matrix pair $(K,M)$ to approximate the eigenvalues of the rod equation. The results show that with step size $h$ the correction technique reduces the error from $O(h^2i^4)$ to $O(h^2i^2)$ for the $i$-th eigenvalue. We then solve the inverse spectral problem by imposing numerical algorithms that approximate the unknown coefficient $a(x)$ from the given spectral data. The cross section is obtained by solving a nonlinear system using Newton's method along with a regularization technique. Finally, we give numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

The most important factors affecting onion rod digger performance are the shape of the rod and the ratio of peripheral speed to translational speed (kinematic index). This study investigated the effect of these parameters on n the performance of a rod onion harvester using a split-block randomized complete-block design with three replicates for three rod shapes (round, hexagonal, rectangular) and rod kinematic indices of 0.16, 1, 1.15, 1.30 and 1.44. In each experiment, the draft force and drawbar power for the rod and complete harvester, rotational torque and total required power for the rod, and the percentage of damage were determined. The results showed that rod shape had no significant effect on draft force, drawbar power (averaging 10571 N and 5285 W, respectively) and percentage of damage (averaging 1.98%); maximum torque and rotational power (averaging 64 N.m and 2394 W, respectively) were observed for the rectangular shaped rod. The maximum values for draft force and drawbar power (12018.7 N and 6009.3 W, respectively) were in the 0.16 kinematic index; the minimum values (9645.2 N and 4822.2 W, respectively) were in the 1.15 kinematic index. Maximum torque and rotational power (85 N and 3327.8 W, respectively) occurred for the rectangular shaped rod in the 0.16 and 1.44 kinematic indices, respectively. The results showed that, for minimum onion damage (priority) and power consumed, the best kinematic index was 1.15. The results of this research show that the rectangular rod shape in hard soil and the round rod shape in soft soil facilitated penetration; both occured in the 1.15 kinematic index. The total consumed power was from 3.5 to 3.8 KW per m of working width.

In a previous study, one of the authors of this work calculated the solvation force of a hard ellipsoid fluid with hard Gaussian overlap potential using hard needle wall interaction and non-linear equation proposed by Grimson-Rickyazen. In the present study, using density functional theory and extended restricted orientation model, the solvation force of hard ellipsoid fluid in the presence of more realistic rod-sphere and rod-surface interactions si calculated. We investigate weak and strong molecule-surface coupling strengths. The colloids distance effects on density profiles are calculated. We could not find the exact or simulation results for comparison. The results in the case k  3. 0 are compared with the solvation force of hard Gaussian overlap fluid and hard needle-wall interaction. The results corresponded, qualitatively.

The effects of grinding media shape and charge filling on grinding kinetics were investigated in dry rod milling. Two shapes of grinding media (simple and grooved rods) were assessed. The results showed that the production rate of particles smaller than 90 microns and the disappearance rate of particles larger than 2 mm for simple rods were higher than the grooved rods. Also with decreasing the mill filling from 100 to 80% for grooved rods, the grinding kinetics rate was increased. The results showed that the grinding media shape did not change the grinding mechanism in rod mill. However, the operational advantage of using grooved media was in the production of less fine particles compared to the simple grinding media.

Background and purpose: Sedation is regarded as a common side effect of most antihistamines, and limits the clinical utility of classical antihistaminic agents, while newer antihistamines are nonsedating. Considering the importance of this phenomenon in the present study, the role of different histamine receptor mechanisms in mediating the sedation were investigated in rat rota rod test.Materials and methods: The integrity of motor coordination on the basis of the endurance time of the rats on the rotating rod, with speed of 16 r.p.m. was assessed. The endurance time was measured before and after drugs treatment.Results: intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) or intraperitoneal injection of HTMT (10 µg/rat) or diphenhydramine ( 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg), but not dexchlorpheniramine reduced endurace time of the rat rota rod test. The histamine H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit (30 mg/kg, i.p.) but not antagonists such as famotidine (20-40 mg/kg, i.p.) and ranitidine (20-40 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the endurance time in the rota rod test. The histamine H3 receptor agonist, imetit (50 mg/kg, i.p.) but not thioperamide (5and 10 mg/kg, i.p) produced a motor impairment in the rota rod test. The dose of 5 mg/kg, i.p. of thioperamide significantly antagonized the motor impairment induced by imetit.Conclusion: These results suggest that the histamine H3 receptor mechanism may be involved in the modulation of sedation.

Many analytical models have been already presented for penetration analysis of long rod projectiles. In most of these models, for a specific projectile, target and impact specifications, only unknown parameter (the depth of penetration) is computed. In this paper, the formulation of Alekseevskii-Tate analytical model has been modified to be able to evaluate and design the projectile specifications, for a desired penetration depth. Also by additional relations for kinetic energy and no buckling conditions of projectile, a new algorithm is presented. In this method, by solving the resulted equations, the projectile specifications, including impact velocity, initial length, diameter and mass, is determined for a known penetration depth into the target. Comparison of the results of these formulations with other experimental works and numerical solutions by AUTODYN shows good agreement. Finally, as an applicable example, terminal ballistic design of a rod projectile is done, and projectile specifications are presented.

A rectangular rod is placed in a flow field flowing parallel to a flat plate. Effect of chord-thickness ratio of rectangular rod on developing vortex shedding downstream to the rod is studied. Then, for each one of the aspect ratios, the distance of the rod from the neighboring flat plate is reduced until the rod sticks to the flat plate. In each case, the effect of the flat plate boundary layer on Strouhal number and the contrary effect of the boundary layer on vortex shedding from the rectangular rod are studied. Results show that as the rectangular rod enters into the flat plate boundary layer, vortex generation from the closest side of the rod reduces, thereby reducing the Strouhal number as well. Finally, when the rectangular rod sticks to the flat plate, a stationary wake forms downstream the rod and sticks to the flat plate. Meanwhile, the boundary layer over the flat plate is disturbed effectively and heat transfer coefficient from the flat plate is enhanced by an average of 50% and up to 200% in some places, locally.